Acyl Lipids: locations

ARABIDOPSIS
ACYL-LIPID METABOLISM

ENZYME & PROTEIN DATA

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase

acyl-CoA
acyl-ACP(plastid)

CoA
ACP(plastid)

glycerol-3-phosphate

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate

Brenda: [2.3.1.15] [2.3.1.198]
IUBMB: [2.3.1.15] [2.3.1.198]
ExPASy: [2.3.1.15] [2.3.1.198]
ExplorEnz: [2.3.1.15] [2.3.1.198]
PDB: [2.3.1.15] [2.3.1.198]

Comments:

sn-1-GPAT: Commonly known as GPAT. Membrane and storage lipids. Plastid, soluble. ER, other membranes?

acyl-CoA

CoA

glycerol-3-phosphate

2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate (suberin)
2-monoacylglycerol (cutin)

Brenda: [2.3.1.198] [2.3.1.15]
IUBMB: [2.3.1.198] [2.3.1.15]
ExPASy: [2.3.1.198] [2.3.1.15]
ExplorEnz: [2.3.1.198] [2.3.1.15]
PDB: [2.3.1.198] [2.3.1.15]

Comments:

sn-2-GPAT: Cutin and Suberin Pathways

Enzyme Pathways

Locus Data & Links (May need to scroll right or left to show columns)

Locus Id (TAIR Link)	Abbrev.	Mutant(s) (click for pop-up)	Pathway(s)	Subcelluar location	Evidence for function	Key References	Comments	ESTexpression in other oilseeds
At1g01610	sn-2-GPAT4	gpat4, gpat4/gpat8	Suberin I	Plasma / ER?	Mutant Char.; Phosphatase activity in vitro detected in plasma membrane proteomics	4 Refs Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887. Li, Y., Beisson, F., Koo, A.J., Molina, I., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2007). Identification of acyltransferases required for cutin biosynthesis and production of cutin with suberin-like monomers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 , 18339-18344. Yang, W., Pollard, M., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Feig, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2010). A distinct type of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with sn-2 preference and phosphatase activity producing 2-monoacylglycerol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 , 12040-12045. Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.	Acyl acceptor could be glycerol-3-phosphate or glycerol. Has also phosphatase activity in vitro	Data
At1g02390	GPAT2	gpat2	Cutin I	Mitochondria	Mutant Char.; Seq. Similarity	2 Refs Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887. Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.	No in vitro activity detected	Data
At1g06520	sn-2-GPAT1	gpat1	Cutin I	Mitochondria (in vitro import and western blot on subcellular fractions) and Endomembrane	Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.	2 Refs Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887. Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.	Has in vitro sn-2 acyltransferase but no phosphatase activity. Not only in mitochondria but also in endomembranes. Fertility phenotype in mutant. GPAT1, an isozyme with uncertain function but for tapetum and anther development (Zheng et al., 2003; Li et al., 2012)	Data
At1g32200	ATS1 / ACT1	act1, ats1	Prok Gal/Sulpho I	Plastid	Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.	3 Refs Kunst, L., Browse, J., and Somerville, C. (1988). Altered regulation of lipid biosynthesis in a mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in chloroplast glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 , 4143-4147. Xu, C., Yu, B., Cornish, A.J., Froehlich, J.E., Benning, C. (2006). Phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis mutants deficient in acyl-ACP glycerol-3- phosphate acyltransferase. Plant J. 47 ,296-309. Nishida, I., Tasaka, Y., Shiraishi, H., and Murata, N. (1993). THE GENE AND THE RNA FOR THE PRECURSOR TO THE PLASTID-LOCATED GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA. Plant Molecular Biology 21 , 267-277.	Originally isolated point mutants are leaky, allowing synthesis of PG through the prokaryotic pathway, whereas TDNA insertion loss of function mutations are embryo lethal	Data
At2g38110	sn-2-GPAT6	gpat6	Cutin I	Plasma / ER?	Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.; in-planta Overexp'n.	5 Refs Li-Beisson, Y., Pollard, M., Sauveplane, V., Pinot, F., Ohlrogge, J., and Beisson, F. (2009). Nanoridges that characterize the surface morphology of flowers require the synthesis of cutin polyester. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 , 22008-22013. Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887. Yang, W., Pollard, M., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Feig, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2010). A distinct type of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with sn-2 preference and phosphatase activity producing 2-monoacylglycerol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 , 12040-12045. Li, X.C., Zhu, J., Yang, J., Zhang, G.R., Xing, W.F., Zhang, S., and Yang, Z.N. (2012). Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 6 (GPAT6) is important for tapetum development in Arabidopsis and plays multiple roles in plant fertility. Mol Plant. 5 , 131-142. Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.	Has also phosphatase activity in vitro	Data
At3g11430	sn-2-GPAT5	gpat5	Suberin I	Endoplasmic reticulum?	Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.; in-planta Overexp'n.	3 Refs Beisson, F., Li, Y.H., Bonaventure, G., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2007). The acyltransferase GPAT5 is required for the synthesis of suberin in seed coat and root of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19 , 351-368. Li, Y.H., Beisson, F., Ohlrogge, J., and Pollard, M. (2007b). Monoacylglycerols are components of root waxes and can be produced in the aerial cuticle by ectopic expression of a suberin-associated acyltransferase. Plant Physiol. 144 , 1267â-1277. Yang, W., Pollard, M., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Feig, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2010). A distinct type of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with sn-2 preference and phosphatase activity producing 2-monoacylglycerol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 , 12040-12045.	Mutant deficient in suberin aliphatic monomers. Increased sensitivity to salt. Increased seed coat permeability.	Data
At4g00400	sn-2-GPAT8	gpat8, gpat4	Cutin I	Plasma / ER?	Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.; in-planta Overexp'n.	5 Refs Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887. Li, Y., Beisson, F., Koo, A.J., Molina, I., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2007). Identification of acyltransferases required for cutin biosynthesis and production of cutin with suberin-like monomers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 , 18339-18344. Gidda, S.K., Shockey, J.M., Rothstein, S.J., Dyer, J.M., and Mullen, R.T. (2009). Arabidopsis thaliana GPAT8 and GPAT9 are localized to the ER and possess distinct ER retrieval signals: Functional divergence of the dilysine ER retrieval motif in plant cells. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47 , 867-879. Yang, W., Pollard, M., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Feig, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2010). A distinct type of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with sn-2 preference and phosphatase activity producing 2-monoacylglycerol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 , 12040-12045. Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.	Has also phosphatase activity in vitro	Data
At4g01950	GPAT3	gpat3	Cutin I	Mitochondria	Mutant Char.; Seq. Similarity	2 Refs Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887. Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.	No in vitro activity detected	Data
At5g06090	sn-2-GPAT7	gpat7	Suberin I	Endoplasmic reticulum?	Mutant Char.; Seq. Similarity	2 Refs Beisson, F., Li, Y.H., Bonaventure, G., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2007). The acyltransferase GPAT5 is required for the synthesis of suberin in seed coat and root of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19 , 351-368. Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.
At5g60620	GPAT9? (mammalian homologue)		TAG Synthesis Euk Phospholipid	Endomembrane	Seq. Similarity	2 Refs Cao, J.S., Li, J.L., Li, D.M., Tobin, J.F., and Gimeno, R.E. (2006). Molecular identification of microsomal acyl-CoA:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, a key enzyme in de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 , 19695-19700. Gidda, S.K., Shockey, J.M., Rothstein, S.J., Dyer, J.M., and Mullen, R.T. (2009). Arabidopsis thaliana GPAT8 and GPAT9 are localized to the ER and possess distinct ER retrieval signals: Functional divergence of the dilysine ER retrieval motif in plant cells. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47 , 867-879.	Seq. Similarity to mammalian ER localised GPAT	Data

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase

Enzyme Pathways

Locus Data & Links (May need to scroll right or left to show columns)